Issyk-Kul is the world’s second-largest high-altitude lake and a major biological and economic resource of the country. Slightly salty, the lake never freezes, which contributes to its importance as a stopover for migratory birds. Over the past few decades, the level of the lake has dropped some 2.5 meters as the result of water diversions. In the face of several serious threats to the lake, the Government of Kyrgyzstan has created the Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve, run by a Directorate General.

9 species of mammals, 18 species of birds, and 12 species of insects that are found within the Biosphere Territories had been included in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 3 bird species had been included in the International Red Book.

Between 60 and 80 thousand water birds (16 species) gather around Lake Issyk Kul for wintering. This served as a main reason for the Territories into the database of the specially protected water and marsh lands (The Ramsar convention).

Endemic plants are few, only around 4% of the total flora, and they are mainly found in high altitudes. There are also relic plants within the territory: 65 species of medicinal herbs add a great value, 45 species of melliferous plants, and a few plant species that are used for dyeing.

Of the endangered plants that have been nominated for inclusion in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic 11 species are present within the Issyk Kul Biosphere Territories.